Aloe Vera (L. ) como floculante para remoción de turbidez de aguas superficiales / Aloe Vera (L. ) as a flocculant to remove turbidity from surface water

El acceso al agua potable por red pública es un problema de la población rural en el departamento de Huánuco, por ende, se suele realizar el consumo de este recurso sin previo tratamiento, produciéndose así enfermedades estomacales. El uso de agentes naturales como el Aloe vera (L.) (Sábila) viene a ser una alternativa como floculante para el tratamiento convencional del agua, por tal motivo, en esta investigación se visualizaron experimentalmente las características y reacciones del gel de A. vera como floculante en la remoción de la turbidez. La turbidez del agua se simuló con el caolín, y se determinó la concentración óptima de alúmina y sábila (1%) a valores diferentes de pH y turbidez iniciales, con los datos resultantes se optimizó las dosis mediante el modelo matemático de superficie de respuesta, para después realizar su respectiva validación mediante métodos gráficos e índices matemáticos; los resultados reflejaron que la turbidez inicial, pH inicial y la dosis del coagulante influyen significativamente en la remoción de la turbidez de agua, de forma individual, concluyendo según el modelo de superficie de respuesta que el volumen óptimo de sábila al 1% alcanza su mayor eficiencia a 0,1 mL y 0,4 mL por cada 500 mL, dosis que varía de acuerdo a su pH y turbidez inicial, este modelo matemático se ajusta para aguas superficiales de la ciudad de Tingo María(AU)

Access to drinking water through the public network is a problem for the rural population in the department of Huánuco, therefore, this resource is usually consumed without prior treatment, thus producing stomach illnesses. The use of natural agents such as Aloe vera (L.) becomes an alternative as a flocculant for conventional water treatment, for this reason, in this investigation the characteristics and reactions of the A. vera gel were visualized experimentally as a flocculant in the removal of turbidity. The turbidity of the water was simulated with kaolin, and the optimum concentration of alumina and aloe vera (1%) was determined at different values of initial pH and turbidity. With the resulting data, the doses were optimized using the mathematical model of the response surface. to later carry out their respective validation through graphic methods and mathematical indices; The results showed that the initial turbidity, initial pH and the dose of the coagulant significantly influence the removal of the turbidity of the water, individually, concluding according to the response surface model that the optimal volume of aloe at 1% reaches its highest level. efficiency at 0.1 mL and 0.4 mL per 500 mL, a dose that varies according to its pH and initial turbidity, this mathematical model is adjusted for surface waters of the city of Tingo María(AU)

Desarrollo de una bebida energizante con pulpa de maracuyá, cristales de aloe vera, panela y propiedades antioxidantes / Development of an energy drink with passion fruit pulp, aloe vera crystals, panela and antioxidant properties

RESUMEN En los últimos años, la demanda de productos saludables se ha venido incrementando, con lo cual, muchas investigaciones se han focalizado hacia la producción de alimentos y bebidas con potencial nutracéutico. El objetivo de este trabajo fue desarrollar una bebida energizante, a base de panela, jugo de maracuyá, cristales de aloe vera (AV), con propiedades antioxidantes. Se evaluó el contenido de compuestos fenólicos, ácido ascórbico y la capacidad antirradicalaria de las materias primas y las bebidas producidas. Se realizó un análisis sensorial, para verificar la aceptación del sabor, color, textura del AV y la aceptabilidad global de tres bebidas, seleccionadas de acuerdo con sus propiedades antioxidantes. Los resultados mostraron que la panela tenía el mayor contenido de compuestos fenólicos (59,4 ± 0,2mg AGE/g), mientras que el jugo de maracuyá, la mayor actividad antirradicalaria (657 ± 5µg eq AA/mL). Las bebidas analizadas dentro del diseño experimental variaron su actividad antioxidante, con la variación de los factores. De las tres bebidas seleccionadas, la bebida 2 presentó la mayor capacidad antirradicalaria (419 ± 1µg eq AA/mL) y contenido de vitamina C (15,75 ± 0,03µg/mL) y, además, un importante contenido de compuestos fenólicos (7,6 ± 2mg AGE/mL). Asimismo, los resultados del panel sensorial mostraron que la bebida 2 tenía una alta aceptabilidad global y una mayor aceptación del sabor, por lo cual, se puede concluir que esta bebida, es la que presenta mayor potencial antioxidante y comercial.

ABSTRACT In recent years, the demand for healthy products has been increasing, so much research has focused on the production of foods and beverages with nutraceutical potential. The aim of this work was to develop an energy drink, based on panela, passion fruit juice and aloe vera (AV) crystals with antioxidant properties. The content of phenolic compounds, ascorbic acid and the anti-radical capacity of the raw materials and beverages produced were evaluated. A sensory analysis was performed, to verify the acceptance of taste, color, AV texture and overall acceptability of three beverages, selected according to their antioxidant properties. The results showed that panela had the highest content of phenolic compounds (59.4 ± 0.2mg AGE/g), while passion fruit juice had the highest anti-radical activity (657 ± 5µg eq AA/mL). The beverages analyzed within the experimental design varied in their antioxidant activity with varying factors. Of the three drinks selected, drink 2 had the highest anti-radical capacity (419 ± 1µg AA eq/mL) and vitamin C content (15,75 ± 0,03µg/mL) and also a significant content of phenolic compounds (7,6 ± 2mg AGE/mL). Likewise, the results of the sensory panel showed that beverage 2 had a high overall acceptability and a greater acceptance of the taste, so it can be concluded that this drink is the one with the greatest antioxidant and commercial potential.

Comparative study on the content of polysaccharide in Aloe barbadensis Miller and Aloe ;vera L. Var. Chinensis (Haw.) Berger / 国际中医中药杂志

Objective To determine the content of polysaccharide in Aloe barbadensis Miller and Aloe vera L. Var. Chinensis(Haw.)Berger. Methods Carubinose was used as reference substance, measured and compared polysaccharide content with the method of UV spectrophotometry at 610 nm absorbance of growth years for 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 years of Aloe barbadensis Miller and Aloe vera L. Var. Chinensis(Haw.)Berger. Results The mannose and the absorbance was linear (r=0.998 5) in the range of 0.05 - 0.60 g/L, and the content of Aloe barbadensis Miller polysaccharide in the measured growth period was respectively 1.201, 1.485, 1.665, 2.355 and 5.040 mg/g. The content of polysaccharide in Aloe vera L. Var. Chinensis(Haw.)Berger was 0.780, 0.900, 1.035, 1.650 and 2.355 mg/g. Conclusions The content of polysaccharide in Aloe barbadensis Miller and Aloe vera L. Var. Chinensis(Haw.)Berger differed in growth years, which increased with aging and polysaccharide content in the same age of Aloe barbadensis Miller was significantly higher than that of the Aloe vera L. Var. Chinensis(Haw.)Berger.

Study on prescription technology of compound Aloe vera L. polysaccharide gel and in vitro release characteristics / 中草药

Objective: To optimiaze the preparation technology of compound Aloe vera L. polysaccharide gel (CAVPG), and evaluate the in vitro release characteristics. Methods: with the appearance of the blank gels, spreadability, viscosity, high temperature stability (place 55℃ water bath for 5 h), low temperature stability (place −20℃ water bath for 24 h) as examining index, screening gel matrix preliminary; With the release degree of aloe polysaccharide, nano-silver, nano-zinc as examining index, investigating the release degree of aloe polysaccharide, nano-silver, nano-zinc in different substrates, determining the gel matrix; the orthogonal test was used to optimize the prescription craft, with the substrate consumption, glycerin dosage, mixing temperature for investigation factors. With the cumulative release degree of AVP, nano-silver and nano-zinc as index, stirring basket method was adopted to determine the cumulative release degree of AVP, nano-silver and nano-zinc. The curve of drug release in vitro was fitted with different release model to estimate the in vitro release characteristics of CAVPG. Results: The optimum prescription process was Aloe vera L. Polysaccharide 2%, nano-silver 1%, nano-zinc 1%, carbomer-980 0.5%, glycerol 5%, a moderate amount of triethanolamine, with PBS buffer up to 100 g, mixing temperature 25℃; Compared with other in vitro release models, zero order equation was the fittest model to nano-silver and nano-zinc, the primary equation was the fittest model to AVP. Conclusion: The gels of CAVPG prescription is reasonable, the prescription craft is simple, the quality is controllable. It has a development prospect.

Mushroom tyrosinase inhibition activity of Aloe vera L. gel from different germplasms / 中国天然药物

In this study, lyophilized and methanolic extracts of aloe gel from different germplasms were evaluated for their potential to inhibit mushroom tyrosinase activity. The results showed potent inhibitory effect of Aloe vera gel extracts on L-dihydroxyphenylalanine (L-DOPA) oxidation catalyzed by tyrosinase in a dose-dependent manner. Significant differences in % inhibition of tyrosinase among the extraction methods and the germplasms were observed. The relative performance of the germplasms was evaluated with the help of posthoc multicomparison test. The methanolic extract was more effective than the lyophilized crude gel in all the germplasms. The inhibitory effect of the lyophilized gel and methanolic extract tested from five germplasms followed the order: RM > TN > S24 > OR > RJN. The germplasm RM showed the highest tyrosinase inhibition, and the maximum % inhibition noted was 26.04% and 41.18%, respectively for the lyophilized and methanolic extracts at 6 mg · mL(-1) concentration. Lineweaver-Burk plots of the different concentrations of L-DOPA in the absence and presence of lyophilized gel extract showed competitive inhibition of mushroom tyrosinase in all the germplasms. This study suggests that the germplasm RM could potentially be used for the isolation and identification of the effective tyrosinase inhibitory component, and ascertains the critical role of selecting the best source of germplasm for natural product isolation and characterization.

Determinación de germanio en muestras de exudado de Aloe vera (L.) Burm f. (zábila), mediante la espectrometría de absorción atómica con atomización electrotérmica / Determination of germanium in leaves exudate samples of Aloe vera (L.) Burm f. (zábila), by electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry

Esta investigación trata sobre la determinación de germanio en exudado de hojas de zábila, mediante la técnica ana lítica espectrometría de absorción atómica con atomización electrotérmica (ETAAS). El exudado de las hojas de zábila es el líquido amarillo y de sabor amargo que emana de las hojas de la planta cortadas en la base. Es también conocido como zumo o látex. Ha sido utilizado en el tratamiento de diversas afecciones tales como: tratamiento de heridas, infecciones bucales, irritaciones de la piel, otras. El germanio es un oligoelemento que ha sido utilizado como inmunoestimulante y en pacientes con neoplasia. La concentración del germanio presente en el exudado de Aloe vera (L.) Burm.f. fue de 7.42 ± 2.33 μg/g. La metodología empleada fue validada por estudio de recuperación, ubicándose en un valor promedio de 97.43 ± 2.22%. La desviación estándar relativa fue de 2.88%, lo que es un indicativo de la precisión. El método utilizado para la determinación del elemento en cuestión es exacto, preciso y libre de interferencias.

The objective of this work was to determine the concentration of germanium in Aloe vera (zábila) from leaves exudated, using the electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry analytical technic (ETAAS). The exudated is a yellow and bitter liquid, used in wounds healing, skin irritations, mouth infections, etc. The germanium is a trace element used as immunestimulant in patients with tumour. A concentration of 7.42 ± 2.33 μg/g was found. The method for the determination of germanium was validated by recovery studies, a value of 97.43 ± 2.22% was obtained for germanium, and the relative standar deviation (RSD%) was 2.88%. The method was exact, precise and free from interferences.

Formas de uso medicinal da babosa e camomila pela população urbana de Cascavel, Estado do Paraná / Medicinal use of the Aloe and Chamomile for the urban population of Cascavel, Paraná State

A etnobotânica se caracteriza por buscar entender a relação entre as plantas e o homem, podendo-se através desta conhecer a utilização das plantas medicinais como forma de tratamento. O objetivo deste trabalho foi realizar um levantamento sobre as formas de utilização da Babosa (Aloe vera L.) e da Camomila (Matricaria chamomilla L.). A coleta de dados envolveu entrevistas de forma aleatória a 400 pessoas, através de um questionário semi-estruturado, no município de Cascavel, Estado do Paraná. Observou-se que 65% da população utilizam à babosa ou a camomila na cura ou alívio de doenças. A maioria dos entrevistados possui renda de 2 a 4 salários mínimos (60,25%), idade entre 28 a 38 anos (30,75%), tendo concluído o ensino médio (33,75%). O principal motivo pelo qual a população se utiliza de plantas medicinais é por ser natural (71,84%). A forma de preparo mais freqüente da camomila foi por infusão (63,38%), utilizando as flores (92%). Para a babosa 100% utilizam suas folhas na forma de cataplasma (43,88%). Apenas 3% da população relataram ter apresentado algum tipo de reação adversa, durante o período de utilização. Conclui-se que o uso destas plantas pela população é freqüente, sendo um recurso adicional ao uso de medicamentos

The ethnobotany, which is characterized by look for to understand the relationship between the plants and the man, being been able through this to know the use of the medicinal plants as treatment. The objective of this work was to accomplish a rising on the forms of use of the Aloe (Aloe vera L.) and of the Chamomile (Matricaria chamomilla L.). The collection of data involved interviews in a random way to a sample of 400 people through a semi-structured questionnaire, in the city of Cascavel, Paraná State. It was observed that 65% of the population use to aloe or the chamomile in the cure or relief of diseases. Most of the interviewees possesses income from 2 to 4 minimum wages (60.25%), age between 28 to 38 years (30.75%), having concluded the high school (33.75%). The main reason for which the population is used of medicinal plants is for being natural (71.84%). The form of more frequent preparation of the chamomile was for infusion (63.38%), using the flowers (92%). To the aloe, 100% uses their leaves in the cataplasm form (43.88%). Only 3% of the population told to have presented some type of adverse reaction, during the use period. Is it conclued ended that the use of these plants for the population is frequent, being an additional resource to the use of medicines

Determinación de macro elementos en exudado de hojas de zábila (Aloe vera (L.) Burm. f.) / Macroelements determination in zabila leaves exudate (Aloe vera (L.) Burm. f.)

El Aloe vera (L.) Burm. f. (zábila) es una planta utilizada por sus propiedades medicinales, la parte utilizada de esta planta es su hoja, de ésta se extraen dos componentes: los cristales y el exudado. En esta investigación se estudió la concentración de macro elementos presentes en el exuda-do de hojas de zábila, a saber: sodio (Na), calcio (Ca), magnesio (Mg) y potasio (k) por espectrometría de absorción atómica en llama (FAAS). Las plantas estudiadas fueron cultivadas en la ciudad de Coro, estado Falcón. Las muestras compuestas de exudado se recolectaron en hojas ubi-cadas en las posiciones bajas, medias y superiores de las plantas. Luego se secaron por liofilización, y se mineralizaron: 0.25 g de muestra de exudado se sometieron a digestión ácida, con 1:2 HNO3 concentrado y H2O2 en plancha de calentamiento. Se utilizó material certificado NIST 1572, USA: Hojas de plantas cítricas, para evaluar la exactitud del método, no encontrándose diferencias estadísticamente significativas (p <0.05) entre los valores del material de referencia con los valores obtenidos con el método aplicado en esta investigación. El promedio de la desviación estándar relativa (RSD) fue de 1.41%, lo que certifica la precisión del método empleado. Las concentraciones de los macro elementos encontradas fueron: Na: 0.24 ± 0,03% p/p, k: 0.69 ± 0,13% p/p, Ca: 0.07 ± 0,01% p/p y Mg: 0.01 ± 0,00% p/p. El método empleado para determinar la concentración de Na, Ca, Mg y k en muestras de exudado de zábila por FAAS fue exacto, preciso y libre de interferencias.

The objective of this work was to determine the metals in Aloe vera (L.) Burm. f. (zabila). Theses metals are necessary in the human organism; namely: Na, k, Ca y Mg. It was digested for 1 hour in a hot plate at 70 ºC 0.25 g of lyo-philized exudate with 1:2 nitric acidic and hydrogen peroxi-de. It was no found significatives statistics differences at 95% of confidence between the standard calibration curve and the aqueous calibration curve, so no matrix effect was observed. The recovery studies was satisfactory, the mean value was 99.77 ± 2%. It was no found significatives statistics differences at 95% of confidence between the certificated values (NBS: Citrics leaves 1572) of studied metals and the values found with the applied methodology. The concentrations of these elements in the real composed samples were: Na: 0.24 ± 0,03% w/w; k: 0.69 ± 0,13% w/w; Ca: 0.07 ± 0,01% w/w; Mg: 0.01 ± 0,00% w/w. The method used to determine the determined elements was exact, pre-cise and free from interferences.

Determinación de microelementos en acíbar de hojas de zábila (Aloe vera (L.) Burm. f.) / Determination of microelements in exudate from leaves of zábila (Aloe vera (L.) Burm. f.)

En esta investigacion se estudio la concentracion de microelementos tales como cobre, zinc, manganeso y hierro en el acibar de hojas de zabila, por espectrometria de absorcion atomica en llama (FAAS); asimismo, la concentracion de cromo por espectrometria de absorcion atomica electrotermica (ETAAS). Las plantas fueron cultivadas en la ciudad de Coro, estado Falcon, Venezuela. Las muestras de aci bar se recolectaron en hojas internas, medias y externas de la planta. Luego, se secaron por liofilizacion y se mineralizaron: 0,25 g de muestra de acibar se sometio a digestion humeda por 1 hora a 70 oC en una plancha de calentamiento, con 1:2 HNO3 y H2O2. No se encontro efecto de matriz, ya que no hubo diferencia estadisticamente significativa entre la pendiente de la curva de calibracion acuosa y la obtenida por adicion de estandar. El estudio de recuperacion fue satisfactorio, siendo el valor promedio 97,02 ± 4,65%. La exactitud del metodo se evaluo utilizando material certificado de la National Bureau of Standards (NBS) 1572, no encontrandose diferencias estadisticamente significativas entre los valores de los metales contenidos en el material de referencia con los valores obtenidos con el metodo aplicado en esta investigacion. Con relacion a la precision, el promedio de la desviacion estandar relativa fue de 1,26%, lo que certifica la precision del metodo empleado. Las concentraciones de metales (media poblacional ± intervalos de confianza) encontradas fueron las siguientes: Cu: 1.604 ± 0.296 mg/g, zn: 6.381 ± 0.974 mg/g, Fe: 14.609 ±3.161 mg/g, Mn: 5.058 ± 0.307 mg/g y Cr: 13.174 ± 3.046 mg/g. El metodo empleado fue exacto, preciso y libre de interferencias.

In this investigation was studied the concentration of microelements such as: Cu, zn, Fe and Mn in Aloe vera (L.) Burm. f. leaves exudates by atomic absorption spectrometry (FAAS), also the Cr concentration was determined by electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry (ETAAS). The plants were cultivated in Coro city, Falcon state, Venezuela. The exudates samples were recollected from internal external and intermediate leaves of the plant. It was digested for 1 hour in a hot plate at 70 oC 0.25g of lyophilized exudates with 1:2 nitric acidic and hydrogen peroxide. It was no found significatives statistics difference at 95% of confidence between the standard calibration curve and the aqueous calibration curve, so no matrix effect was observed. The recovery studies was satisfactory, the mean value was 97.02 ± 4.65%. It was no found significatives statistics differences at 95% of confidence between the certificated values from The National Bureau of Standards (NBS) 1572 of studied metals and the values found with the applied methodology, so the method applied was accurate. The precision of the method was 1.26%. The concentrations of these elements in the real samples were: Cu: 1,604 ± 0,296 mg/g; zn: 6,381 ± 0,974 mg/g; Fe: 14,609 ± 3,161 mg/g; Mn: 5,058 ± 0,307 mg/g and Cr: 13,174 ± 3,046 mg/g. The method used to determine these elements was exact, precise and free from interferences.